European Railway Traffic Management System (ERTMS)

ERTMS comprises of the European Train Control System (ETCS), i.e. a cab-signalling system that incorporates automatic train protection, the Global System for Mobile communications for Railways (GSM-R) and operating rules.Technical specifications for ETCS and GSM-R are published in the Control Command and Signalling (CCS) Technical Specification for Interoperability (TSI).