European Union Agency for Railways

Documents & Regulations

Retrieve on this page all the latest opinions and technical advice, publications, recommendations, and consultations published by the Agency. If the document you're looking for is not here, please visit the Library page.

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Report on Railway Safety and Interoperability in the EU 2026 - cover

Report on Railway Safety and Interoperability in the EU 2026

The Agency is pleased to present the 2026 edition of its statutory report on the ongoing efforts to provide stakeholders with a comprehensive overview of progress in railway safety and interoperability within the European Union.

Last updated:

30 June 2026

Publication

Safety and Interoperability Reports

Opinion ERA/OPI/2026-3 of the European Union Agency for Railways for the European Commission regarding a request for non-application of CCS TSI for the radio system to be used for ETCS data communication by Finland (DC2025-FI-22)

Published: 24 June 2026

Opinion

Opinion ERA/OPI/2026-9 of the European Union Agency for Railways for Belgium regarding two (2) notified draft national rules setting out requirements on operational aspects

Published: 15 June 2026

Technical advice

Opinion ERA/OPI/2026-5 train detection systems compatibility requirements for freight wagons equipped with electronic/electrical equipment

Published: 11 June 2026

OpinionAMOC

Opinion ERA/OPI/2026-4 the definition of interoperability constituents related to train detection systems

Published: 11 June 2026

OpinionAMOC

Opinion ERA/OPI/2026-8 of the European Union Agency for Railways updating existing Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMOCs) regarding Safety of load, safety of passengers and checks and tests before departure, including brakes and checks during operation

Published: 02 June 2026

Opinion

StudyOnHarmonisationOnESystems_v3

ERA study on the harmonisation of electrification systems

Last updated:

29 May 2026

Publication

Thematic Studies

Opinion ERA/OPI/2026-7 of the European Union Agency for Railways for Austria regarding seventy-four (74) notified adopted national rules setting out requirements on operational aspects

Published: 21 May 2026

Opinion

Opinion ERA/OPI/2026-6 of the European Union Agency for Railways for Slovakia regarding of nine (9) adopted national rules and fifteen (15) draft national rules setting out requirements on operational aspects

Published: 21 May 2026

Opinion

rail resilience to climate change report 2026 - cover.png

Rail Resilience to Climate Change Report (2026)

Last updated:

30 June 2026

Publication

Thematic Studies

Option ERA/OPI/2026-2 of the European Union Agency for Railways for the European Commission regarding Authorisation for placing on the market of special vehicles

Published: 20 April 2026

Opinion

Report Assessment of achievement of safety targets - 2026 cover

Report Assessment of achievement of safety targets - 2026

Last updated:

31 March 2026

Publication

Safety and Interoperability Reports

study on the implementation of on-ground energy data-TR0125002ENN-1 - cover

ERA study on rail traction energy measurement and consumption data exchange

Last updated:

19 March 2026

Publication

Thematic Studies

Opinion ERA/OPI/2026-1 of the European Union Agency for Railways for France regarding ten (10) notified draft national rules setting out national operational instructions

Published: 31 January 2026

Opinion

Opinion ERA/OPI/2025-6 of the European Union Agency for Railways for the European Commission regarding the combination of modules for assessment of conformity and suitability for use of interoperability constituents and EC verification of subsystems.

Published: 21 January 2026

Opinion

Opinion ERA/OPI/2025-7 of the ERA for the European Commission regarding New standards or new standards versions released since the publication of TSI package 2023 (Acceptable means of compliance) - repealing ERA/OPI/2024-5 and ERA/OPI/2025-5

Published: 19 December 2025

OpinionAMOC

Opinion ERA/OPI/2025-4 of the ERA for the European Commission regarding Testing specifications for ETCS Baseline 4 and for the definition of reduced envelope of specifications related to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1695

Published: 09 December 2025

OpinionAMOC

Annual Interoperability Overview 2025 featured

Annual Overview for Interoperability - 2025

The Agency is pleased to publish this summary report, a visible outcome of its work in monitoring safety and interoperability.

Last updated:

30 September 2025

Publication

Safety and Interoperability Reports

Opinion ERA/OPI/2025-4 of the European Union Agency for Railways for Austria regarding thirty-three (33) notified adopted national rules setting out requirements on operational aspects

Published: 25 June 2025

Opinion

Opinion ERA/OPI/2025-2 of the European Union Agency for Railways for Estonia regarding seven notified adopted rules and one notified draft rule setting requirements on several operational aspects

Published: 03 April 2025

Opinion